Amir Mohammad Salehi; Hossein Ali Mohammadi; Mohammad Ahmadian; Elham Khanlarzadeh
Abstract
Background: Higher education is not uniform. There are significant differences between higher education systems among different countries and even among institutions in a similar education or system; therefore, identifying the various types of entrepreneurial activities helps the mission of fourth-generation ...
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Background: Higher education is not uniform. There are significant differences between higher education systems among different countries and even among institutions in a similar education or system; therefore, identifying the various types of entrepreneurial activities helps the mission of fourth-generation universities.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities.Methods: We systematically searched the international databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ISC, SID, and Google Scholar, until 2021 using some relevant keywords. Then, screening and selecting eligible articles according to inclusion criteria were done by two researchers independently.Results: Soft skills training, sustainable development training, training business law, reviewing the continuous training of professors, promoting ideation and creativity to solve problems, development of interdisciplinary training, decentralization of government accelerators and deployment of private accelerators, privatization of higher education, and internationalization are the most important educational strategies to move towards fourth-generation universities. One of the critical aspects and perspectives of the fourth-generation university is the development of job skills, professions, and competencies and empowerment of students and professors in line with the process of national development and solving society's problems scientifically.Conclusion: This research's analytical results help the universities design and implement their strategies to reach the fourth-generation universities according to the standard implementation models of the fourth-generation universities.
Amir Mohammad Salehi; Mohammad Ahmadian; Hossein Ali Mohammadi; Elham Khanlarzadeh
Amir Mohammad Salehi; Mohammad Mahdi Talimkhani; Mahnaz Khatiban; Ailin Talimkhani
Abstract
Nowadays, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented interruption of traditional education in the universities and educational centers. Consequently, traditional education has switched to virtual education during COVID-19. Despite virtual education, experienced teachers still have a positive ...
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Nowadays, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented interruption of traditional education in the universities and educational centers. Consequently, traditional education has switched to virtual education during COVID-19. Despite virtual education, experienced teachers still have a positive attitude toward traditional education. In traditional education, which is teacher-centered, plenty of information is transferred to the students in a specified time (1), while, nowadays, in a virtual atmosphere, a new educational environment has been created based on person-centered education (2). In a virtual atmosphere, students usefully prefer to use devices such as mobile, computer, and so on, and can have more convenient access to information (2). Therefore, to improve the standard of education and increase the learning quality in a person-centered approach in a virtual atmosphere, it is important for the teachers to become familiar with a new approach of virtual education (2). Also, the acquisition of necessary skills will help the students to study independently and participate actively in the learning process (2). It is doubtful if we can fulfill all the needs of students in the virtual education system as we could with face-to-face interactions in the traditional method. It seems that the flipped classroom education strategy can facilitate the student learning process during the coronavirus crisis (3, 4) The flipped classroom is a new educational approach that reverses the traditional education method (3). In this method, at first, the students receive digital educational materials provided by the teacher at home. Then, teachers and students engage in classroom activities to discuss and solve the problems (3, 4). Today, in the coronavirus crisis, the virtual flipped classroom is used. Virtual flipped classroom activities can facilitate e-learning education under technology (2, 5). As part of the virtual flipped classroom-based educational strategy, the first activities will take place outside of the classroom, in the form of asynchronous e-learning educations, while the second part of the activities will take place inside of the classroom, in the form of synchronous e-learning educations such as web conference, video conference, and virtual classroom (5). Asynchronous e-learning education is a type of education that involves teachers and students participating in the process of teaching and learning separately. Synchronous e-learning education is a type of education that involves both teachers and students to participate in the process of teaching and learning simultaneously.
